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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-9, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468445

ABSTRACT

Infection caused by geo-helminth parasites are called geohelminthiasis are one of the global health problems. Vegetables eaten raw is the principal source of transmission of geo-helminth parasites. Pakistani people believe that eating raw vegetables are a significant source to get important vitamins and minerals. Based on the high incidence of pathogenic parasites and cultivating different vegetable types in the study areas, we conducted this study to evaluate the geo-helminth contamination of raw vegetables in northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This is a descriptive study comprised, 1942 samples of 25 various types of vegetables. The samples were examined in physiological saline solution using sedimentation and centrifugation methods. The findings were analyzed by Graph-Pad version 5. P value less than 0.05 (95% CI) was considered significant. Results showed that 16.5% (n=322) of all vegetables were contaminated with one or more type of geo-helminth parasites. Garlic was the highest (35%) and cauliflower the lowest (4%) contaminated samples respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common geo helminth found followed by hook worm species while Trichuris trichura was the least in all the vegetable samples. Leafy vegetables were highly contaminated 25.3% than vegetables with root parts 21.2% and fruity 9.09%. More than half of the contaminated vegetables were contaminated with single species of geo-helminth (P0.05) species of geo-helminth parasites. Education level of vendors and means of display were not significantly associated while types of vegetable used were significantly associated with the prevalence of parasites. The findings of this study provide evidence that consumption of raw [...].


As infecções causadas por parasitas geo-helmínticos são chamados de geohelmintíases e são um dos problemas de saúde globais. Os vegetais comidos crus são a principal fonte de transmissão dos parasitas geo-helmínticos. O povo paquistanês acredita que comer vegetais crus é uma fonte significativa para obter vitaminas e minerais importantes. Com base na alta incidência de parasitas patogênicos e no cultivo de diferentes tipos de vegetais nas áreas de estudo, conduzimos este estudo para avaliar a contaminação por geo-helmintos de vegetais crus no noroeste de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo composto por 1942 amostras de 25 tipos diversos de vegetais. As amostras foram examinadas em solução salina fisiológica utilizando métodos de sedimentação e centrifugação. Os achados foram analisados pelo Graph-Pad versão 5. O valor de P menor que 0,05 (IC 95%) foi considerado significativo. Os resultados mostraram que 16,5% (n = 322) de todas as hortaliças estavam contaminadas com um ou mais tipos de parasitas geo-helmínticos. O alho foi a amostra mais contaminada (35%) e a couve-flor a menos (4%), respectivamente. Ascaris lumbricoides foi o geo-helmíntico mais comum encontrado, seguido por espécies de verme-anzol, enquanto Trichuris trichura foi o menos encontrado em todas as amostras de vegetais. Os vegetais folhosos foram altamente contaminados 25,3% do que os vegetais com partes de raiz 21,2% e frutados 9,09%. Mais da metade dos vegetais contaminados estavam contaminados com uma única espécie de geo-helmintos (P 0,05) espécies de parasitas geo-helmínticos. O nível de escolaridade dos vendedores e os meios de exibição não [...].


Subject(s)
Ascaris , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Helminthiasis/transmission , Soil Microbiology , Plants/parasitology , Environmental Pollution , Sanitation/standards , Trichuris
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-10, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468579

ABSTRACT

Vegetables eating raw are a leading source of transmission of infective forms of pathogenic internal parasites among human beings. This research was conducted from April to October, 2017 to assess the parasitic contamination of vegetables sold at main vegetable markets in districts Lower Dir and Peshawar, Pakistan. Eight hundred specimens of different vegetables were purchased and soaked in physiological saline solution, shaken with a mechanical shaker for 20 minutes and processed by sedimentation concentration method. Results revealed that only 19.7% (n=158/800) of the vegetables were found to be contaminated with single or multiple parasite species. Ascaris lumbricoides (the large round worm) 12.3% (n=99/800) was the most commonly detected pathogen and Taenia saginata (the beef tapeworm) 1.62% (n=13/800) was the least frequently detected one. Interestingly, significant p value (p>0.05 at 95%CI) between the number of examined and contaminated for all the variables studied including education status of the vendors, markets location, type of vegetables, means of display, washed before display, washing source of water and market type. The findings of this study evidenced that consumption of raw vegetables possesses great risk of getting parasitic infections in Lower Dir and Peshawar districts, Pakistan. Instructing the sellers and the public about parasitic disease transfer and their hygiene can reduce the infection rate of parasites of human origin.


Os vegetais crus são a principal fonte de transmissão de formas infecciosas de parasitas internos patogênicos entre os seres humanos. Esta pesquisa foi realizada de abril a outubro de 2017 para avaliar a contaminação parasitária de vegetais vendidos nos principais mercados de vegetais nos distritos de Lower Dir e Peshawar, Paquistão. Oitocentos exemplares de diferentes vegetais foram adquiridos e embebidos em solução salina fisiológica, agitados em agitador mecânico por 20 minutos e processados pelo método de concentração por sedimentação. Os resultados revelaram que apenas 19,7% (n = 158/800) das hortaliças estavam contaminadas com uma ou várias espécies de parasitas. Ascaris lumbricoides (o verme redondo grande) 12,3% (n = 99/800) foi o patógeno mais comumente detectado e Taenia saginata (a tênia da carne) 1,62% (n = 13/800) foi o menos freqüentemente detectado. Curiosamente, valor de p significativo (p> 0,05 em IC de 95%) entre o número de examinados e contaminados para todas as variáveis estudadas incluindo escolaridade dos vendedores, localização dos mercados, tipo de vegetais, meios de exposição, lavado antes da exposição, fonte de lavagem de água e tipo de mercado. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciaram que o consumo de vegetais crus possui grande risco de contrair infecções parasitárias nos distritos de Lower Dir e Peshawar, no Paquistão. Instruir os vendedores e o público sobre a transferência de doenças parasitárias e sua higiene pode reduzir a taxa de infecção de parasitas de origem humana.


Subject(s)
Ascaris lumbricoides/pathogenicity , Helminths , Plants/parasitology , Taenia saginata/pathogenicity
3.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(1,supl): 505-575, May. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886659

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (PNI) (Brazilian Southeast Region) was surveyed monthly for insect galls from February/2014 to December/ 2015. A total of 432 gall morphotypes were found. This number places the PNI as the richest Atlantic forest area in number of gall morphotypes. The galls were found on 47 plant families. Among them, Asteraceae were pointed out as the superhost. The gall richness in the lower part of the PNI is higher than that of the plateau. The insect galls were found in 154 native, 56 endemic and only one exotic plant species. Concerning the conservational status, the host plants include two vulnerable species with three morphotypes together. Several new botanical records were reported. Leaves were the most galled plant organ, followed by stems. Globoid, green, glabrous and one-chambered galls were the most frequent. Cecidomyiidae were the most common gallers. Parasitoids, successors and inquilines composed the associated fauna.


Subject(s)
Animals , Plant Tumors/parasitology , Plants/parasitology , Insecta/classification , Plant Tumors/statistics & numerical data , Plants/classification , Brazil , Forests , Host-Parasite Interactions
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 76(3): 787-795, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785051

ABSTRACT

Abstract Thirty-one morphotypes of insect galls and two flower damages were found on 16 families, 22 genera and 24 plant species in Restinga de Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ). Fabaceae and Myrtaceae were the plant families with the greatest richness of insect galls (4 and 6 morphotypes, respectively), and the greatest number of galled plants (four and three species, respectively). Galls were mostly found on leaves and stems (77% and 10%, respectively). The galling insects are represented by Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Hemiptera. The majority of the galls (81%) were induced by gall midges (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera).


Resumo Foram encontrados 31 morfotipos de galhas de insetos e dois danos em flores em 16 famílias, 22 gêneros e 24 espécies de plantas, na Restinga de Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ). Fabaceae e Myrtaceae foram as famílias de plantas com maior riqueza de galhas (4 e 6 morfotipos, respectivamente) e maior número de espécies com galhas (quatro e três espécies, respectivamente). As galhas predominaram nas folhas e caules (77% e 10%, respectivamente). Os insetos galhadores estão representados por Diptera, Lepidoptera e Hemiptera. A maioria das galhas (81%) foi induzida por Cecidomyiidae (Diptera).


Subject(s)
Animals , Plant Tumors/parasitology , Plants/parasitology , Host-Parasite Interactions/physiology , Insecta/physiology , Plant Tumors/classification , Brazil , Plant Stems/parasitology , Plant Leaves/parasitology , Myrtaceae/parasitology , Diptera/classification , Diptera/physiology , Hemiptera/classification , Hemiptera/physiology , Insecta/classification , Fabaceae/parasitology , Lepidoptera/classification , Lepidoptera/physiology
5.
Semina cienc. biol. saude ; 36(2): 15-24, jul.-dez. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-785303

ABSTRACT

Levantamentos de galhas no Paraná são escassos e a maioria dos esforços amostrais no Brasil tem se concentrado em áreas de Cerrado. Assim, o presente estudo investigou um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidualda Fazenda Monte Alegre em Telêmaco Borba, com o intuito de contribuir para o conhecimento das galhas no Estado do Paraná. As coletas foram realizadas em uma trilha de 300m de comprimento e 5m de largura, atravésde busca ativa até dois metros de altura. Foram encontrados 41 morfotipos de galhas, dos quais treze tiveram a planta hospedeira identificada ao nível de espécie, dez ao nível de gênero, dez ao nível de família e oito morfotipos não foram identificados. Entre as famílias identificadas, Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Melastomataceae e Leguminosae-Fabaceae representaram as maiores riquezas de galhas. A maioria ocorreu em folha (39%); 98,6% são entomógenas; 70,7% são glabras, e quanto à forma, a maioria foi classificada comoglobóide (43,9%). Quanto à forma de agrupamento das galhas nas plantas hospedeiras, 46,3% apresentaram-se deforma isolada, e 53,7% de forma agrupada. Este trabalho contribuiu para o enriquecimento do conhecimento sobre as galhas no Estado do Paraná e para o Bioma Mata Atlântica.


Galls surveys in Paraná are scarce and most sampling efforts in Brazil have still been concentrated on Cerradoregions. In this context, the present study investigated an area of semideciduous forest of Fazenda Monte Alegrein Telêmaco Borba, in order to contribute to the knowledge of galls in the state. Samples were collected on a 300m long track and 5m width, through active search up to two meters high. Fourty-one morphotypes werefound, thirteen of which were identified to the host plant species level, ten according to level of genus, ten tofamily level and eight morphotypes were not identified. Among the identified families, Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Melastomataceae and Leguminosae-Fabaceae represented the greatest quantityof morphotypes. Most of them occurred on the leaf (39%), 98.6% are entomogenous. 70.7% are glabrous, andas for the shape, most of them were classified as globular (43.9%). As for the way galls grouping on host plants, 46.3% showed up in isolation, and 53.7% in groupings. This study has contributed to enrich the knowledge ongalls in the state of Paraná and for the Atlantic Forest Biome.


Subject(s)
Plants/parasitology , Plant Tumors
7.
Braz. j. biol ; 73(2): 271-277, maio 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-680014

ABSTRACT

Understanding variation in plant traits in heterogeneous habitats is important to predict responses to changing environments, but trait-environment associations are poorly known along ecological gradients. We tested the hypothesis that plant architectural complexity increases with habitat complexity along a soil fertility gradient in a Cerrado (Neotropical savanna) area in southeastern Brazil. Plant architecture and productivity (estimated as the total number of healthy infructescences) of Miconia albicans (SW.) Triana were examined in three types of vegetation which together form a natural gradient of increasing soil fertility, tree density and canopy cover: grasslands (campo sujo, CS), shrublands (cerrado sensu strico, CE) and woodlands (cerradão, CD). As expected, plants growing at the CS were shorter and had a lower branching pattern, whereas plants at the CD were the tallest. Unexpectedly, however, CD plants did not show higher architectural complexity compared to CE plants. Higher architectural similarity between CE and CD plants compared to similarity between CS and CE plants suggests reduced expression of functional architectural traits under shade. Plants growing at the CE produced more quaternary shoots, leading to a larger number of infructescences. This higher plant productivity in CE indicates that trait variation in ecological gradients is more complex than previously thought. Nematode-induced galls accounted for fruit destruction in 76.5% infructescences across physiognomies, but percentage of attack was poorly related to architectural variables. Our data suggest shade-induced limitation in M. albicans architecture, and point to complex phenotypic variation in heterogeneous habitats in Neotropical savannas.


O entendimento da variação dos atributos de plantas em ambientes heterogêneos é importante para prever respostas às mudanças climáticas; entretanto, a resposta de atributos das plantas às mudanças ambientais é pouco conhecida ao longo de gradientes ecológicos. Testou-se a hipótese de que a complexidade arquitetural de Miconia albicans (SW.) Triana aumenta com a complexidade ambiental, ao longo de um gradiente de fertilidade de solo em um Cerrado no sudeste brasileiro. A arquitetura e a produtividade (estimada por meio do número total de infrutescências sadias) foram examinadas em três tipos de vegetação, que formam um gradiente de fertilidade de solo, de densidade de árvores e de cobertura vegetal: campo sujo (CS), cerrado sensu stricto (CE) e cerradão (CD). Plantas crescendo no CS foram menores e apresentaram menor complexidade arquitetural, enquanto plantas no CD foram maiores. No entanto, de forma inesperada, plantas no CD não demonstraram maior complexidade arquitetural quando comparadas às plantas de CE, e a maior similaridade arquitetural entre plantas de CE e CD, quando comparadas com plantas de CE e CS, sugere que a expressão de atributos funcionais da arquitetura é limitada sob condições de sombra. Plantas de CE produziram mais ramos quaternários e maior número de infrutescências, sendo que a maior produtividade destas plantas indica que a variação de atributos em gradientes ecológicos é mais complexa do que se pensava anteriormente. Galhas de nematóides destruíram 76,5% das infrutescências nas vegetações, mas a porcentagem de ataque não esteve fortemente correlacionada com as variáveis arquiteturais. Os resultados do presente trabalho sugerem limitação na expressão da arquitetura da planta induzida pela sombra e apontam para uma complexa variação fenotípica na colonização de ambientes heterogêneos de savanas neotropicais.


Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Plants , Plant Development/physiology , Soil/chemistry , Brazil , Phenotype , Plants/classification , Plants/parasitology
8.
Assiut University Bulletin For Environmental Researches. 2012; 15 (1): 105-114
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-126302

ABSTRACT

Thirteen cultivars of canola were subjected to evaluate the percentage of parasitism on cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. infesting canola plants in the field and laboratory during 2011 season in Assiut Governorate. The rate of parasitism in the field was [7.13%] for all cultivars. The rate of parasitism of the aphid collected from the field and reared in the laboratory was 2.67% times higher than the rate of parasitism in the filed at the end of season regardless the canola cultivars. The highest rates of parasitism were recorded with the early ripening cultivars, while the lowest ones were realized with the late ripening cultivars. In the field, the rate of parasitism increased progressively during the third week of February to a peak level [parasitism 43.15%] in the second week of March. Whereas in the laboratory, the highest rate of parasitism [53.06%] was achieved during the last week of February and then the parasitism started to decrease gradually during March. Two primary parasitoids species [Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh and Praon necans Mackauer, Aphidiidae] and two hyperparasotoids species [Alloxysta sp., Cynipidae and Chalcids sp., Chalcididae] were associated with cabbage aphids in canola fields. D. rapae consider the most important primary parasitoids on B. brassicae which represented about 93.93% of the total primary parasitoids in canola field. While, Alloxysta sp. was the most hyperparasioid represent 81.67% of the total of the secondary parasitoid. However, the primary parasitoids recorded the most percentage [71.94%] comparison with the percentage of secondary parasitoids [28.06%] from the total parasitoids for primary and secondary parasitoids


Subject(s)
Plants/parasitology , Seasons
9.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(4): 1599-1607, Dec. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-646536

ABSTRACT

Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the diversity of gall-midge insects (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), some of them taking into account plant diversity. This study aims to test the importance of size, age and composition of host plant taxa in the diversity of Cecidomyiidae. For this we used inventories data on the diversity of galling and host plants in Brazil. We found that Asterales, Myrtales and Malpighiales, were the most important orders, with 34, 33 and 25, gall morphotypes, respectively. The most representative host families were Asteraceae (34 morphotypes), Myrtaceae (23) and Fabaceae (22). In general, the order size and the plant family were good predictors of the galling diversity, but not the taxon age. The most diverse host genera for gall-midges were Mikania, Eugenia and Styrax, with 15, 13 and nine galler species, respectively. The size of plant genera showed no significant relationship with the richness of Cecidomyiidae, contrary to the prediction of the plant taxon size hypothesis. The plant genera with the greatest diversity of galling insects are not necessarily those with the greatest number of species. These results indicate that some plant taxa have a high intrinsic richness of galling insects, suggesting that the plant species composition may be equally or more important for the diversity of gall-midges than the size or age of the host taxon. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (4): 1599- 1607. Epub 2011 December 01.


Muchas hipótesis se han propuesto para explicar la diversidad de dipteros de la familia Cecidomyiidae, algunos de ellos teniendo en cuenta la diversidad de las plantas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo probar la importancia del tamaño, la edad y la composición de las plantas en la diversidad de Cecidomyiidae, a través de los inventarios de las agallas y las plantas hospederas, en Brasil. Asterales, Malpighiales y Myrtales fueron los órdenes más importantes, con 34, 33 y 25 tipos de agallas, respectivamente. Las familias más importantes fueron Asteraceae (34 morfotipos), Myrtaceae (23) y Fabaceae (22). En general, el tamaño de los órdenes y las familias de las plantas es un buen predictor de la diversidad de insectos de agallas, pero no de la edad de la taxon. Los géneros más diversos fueron Mikania, Eugenia y Styrax, con 15, 13 y nueve especies con agallas, respectivamente. El tamaño de los géneros no mostró relación significativa con la riqueza de Cecidomyiidae, lo que contradice la hipótesis del tamaño de los táxones de plantas. Los géneros de plantas más diversos en insectos inductores de agallas no son necesariamente los que tienen el mayor número de especies. Estos resultados indican que algunos táxones de plantas tienen una alta riqueza intrínseca de insectos agalleros, lo que sugiere que la composición de especies de plantas pueden ser igualmente o más importante para la diversidad de los cecidomyiideos agalleros que el tamaño o la edad del taxón.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Diptera/classification , Host-Parasite Interactions , Plant Tumors/parasitology , Plants/classification , Plants/parasitology , Brazil
10.
Neotrop. entomol ; 40(3): 405-406, May-June 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-591342

ABSTRACT

The association among Anastrepha species, braconid parasitoids and host fruits in southern Bahia is recorded. Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) was associated with A. serpentina (Wied.) in Pouteria caimito, A. bahiensis Lima in Helicostylis tomentosa, A. sororcula Zucchi in Eugenia uniflora, and A. obliqua (Macquart) in Spondias purpurea. Anatrepha obliqua was unique in fruits of Averrhoa carambola, but associated with D. areolatus, Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck) and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck). In Achras sapota, A. serpentina was associated with A. anastrephae and D. areolatus, while in Psidium guajava, A. fraterculus (Wied.) and A. sororcula were associated with D. areolatus and U. anastrephae.


Subject(s)
Animals , Hymenoptera/physiology , Plants/parasitology , Tephritidae/parasitology , Brazil
11.
Neotrop. entomol ; 40(2): 290-291, Mar.-Apr. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-586672

ABSTRACT

Leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) are pests of various crops, mainly in greenhouses, and have Diglyphus spp. as important leafminer larval parasitoids. Until recently, only Diglyphus insularis (Gahan) had been reported in Brazil. In here we report the first records of Diglyphus begini (Ashmead), D. intermedius (Girault) and D. isaea (Walker) in Brazil. These parasitoids were found parasitizing leafminer larvae on cultivated and spontaneous plants in some areas of Minas Gerais state, Brazil.


Subject(s)
Animals , Hymenoptera , Brazil , Plants/parasitology
12.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 16(2): 647-656, fev. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-582457

ABSTRACT

Em 1995, ocorreu uma praga de lesmas identificadas como Sarasinula linguaeformis (Semper, 1885), que prejudicou as lavouras situadas entre os municípios de Nova Itaberaba e Planalto Alegre, no oeste do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Neste artigo analisamos os impactos socioeconômicos provocados pela ocorrência desta praga, que sinalizou a possibilidade, posteriormente verificada, da emergência de casos de angiostrongilíase abdominal. Os dados foram coletados através de observação do estudo soroepidemiológico realizado na região durante o período de agosto de 2000 a agosto de 2001 pela equipe de pesquisa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), entrevistas com técnicos da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina S.A. (Epagri-SC) e com cinquenta famílias locais. Para avaliar esses impactos, elaboramos algumas categorias de análise, como: prejuízo econômico; medidas preventivas e mudança de hábitos; estigma e preconceito, que surgiram à luz das narrativas dos sujeitos entrevistados. Ficou evidente a necessidade de se procederem a estudos sobre os aspectos sociológicos dos problemas epidemiológicos, além dos estritamente médico-sanitários.


In 1955 a population explosion of the slug Sarasinula linguaeformis (Semper, 1885) damaged crop plantations in the municipalities of Nova Itaberaba and Planalto Alegre, western of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. In this article we analyze the socioeconomic impacts caused by the emergence of this plague, which raised the suspicion, eventually confirmed, of the occurrence of human cases of abdominal angyostrongiliasis. The data were collected through the observation of a serological study during the period of August 2000 to August 2001 by a research team from the Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) together with field technicians from the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina S.A. (Epagri-SC), and with the members of 50 local families. In order to analyze these impacts, we elaborated several analytical categories as economic losses; preventive measures, habit change and social prejudice, that emerged from the narratives of the residents interviewed. It became evident the need for sociological analyses of epidemiological problems, in addition to strictly medico-sanitary considerations.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Angiostrongylus/isolation & purification , Gastropoda/parasitology , Plants/parasitology , Brazil/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Strongylida Infections/epidemiology
13.
In. Ferreira, Luiz Fernando; Reinhard, Karl Jan; Araújo, Adauto. Fundamentos da paleoparasitologia. Rio de Janeiro, Editora Fiocruz, 2011. p.377-404. (Temas em saúde).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-638250
14.
Neotrop. entomol ; 38(4): 459-463, July-Aug. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-525831

ABSTRACT

O percevejo marrom da soja, Euschistus heros (F.), pode atingir altas densidades em alguns locais. Além da soja, alimenta-se de outras plantas, mas pouco se sabe sobre seus hospedeiros alternativos no Rio Grande do Sul. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar os hospedeiros nativos utilizados por E. heros no Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul e comparar seu desempenho quando alimentado com estes e com a soja. Os percevejos foram amostrados em plantas existentes em áreas internas e marginais de cultivos de soja, nas safras 2004/2005 e 2005/2006. Euchistus heros foi encontrado alimentando-se de sementes de Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthaceae) e de frutos de três Solanaceae, principalmente Vassobia breviflora. A sobrevivência dos imaturos alimentados com soja (86,7 por cento) e com V. breviflora (81,8 por cento) foi semelhante, mas ninfas alimentadas com A. retroflexus não atingiram o estágio adulto. O alimento das ninfas teve efeito significativo sobre o peso dos adultos, o qual foi maior para aquelas alimentadas com soja do que com V. breviflora . Por outro lado, a sobrevivência e longevidade dos adultos não diferiram significativamente. As fêmeas alimentadas com soja depositaram massas de ovos maiores do que aquelas alimentadas com V. breviflora, mas não houve efeito do hospedeiro no numero médio de massas de ovos depositado/fêmea.


The Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros (F.) can reach high densities in some soybean areas in Brazil. Besides soybean, it also feeds on other plants, but little is known on the alternative hosts of E. heros in Rio Grande do Sul state. In this study, wild non-cultivated hosts of E. heros at Norwest of Rio Grande do Sul state were determined, and the E. heros performance was compared when fed on soybean and on wild hosts. Bugs were sought in plants located inside and on the edge of soybean fields during 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons. Adults were recorded feeding on seeds of Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthaceae), and on fruits of three Solanaceae, mainly Vassobia breviflora. Immature survivorship on soybean (86.7 percent) and on V. breviflora (81.8 percent) was the same, but nymphs fed on A. retroflexus did not reach adulthood. The host plant used during immature development greatly affected adult weight, with V. breviflora yielding the heaviest adults; however, adult survivorship and longevity when fed on different host plants were the same. Females fed on soybean laid larger egg masses than those fed on V. breviflora , but the overall fecundity was not affected.


Subject(s)
Animals , Heteroptera/physiology , Plants/parasitology , Brazil
15.
Neotrop. entomol ; 38(4): 497-500, July-Aug. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-525837

ABSTRACT

A new species of Acanthoscelides collected in Chiapas, Mexico is described and figured. Rhynchosia precatoria is cited as a new host plant record for A. dani sp.n and A. flavescens Fahraeus. The braconid Heterospilus prosopidis Viereck was found as parasitoid of both species of bruchids.


Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Acanthoscelides colectada en Chiapas, México. Se cita a Rhynchosia precatoria como una nueva planta hospedera para A. dani sp.n y A. flavescens (Fahraeus). Al bracónido Heterospilus prosopidis Viereck se le encontró parasitando a ambas especies de brúquidos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Coleoptera/classification , Coleoptera/anatomy & histology , Coleoptera/physiology , Mexico , Plants/parasitology
16.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 11(1): 132-142, jul. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-590639

ABSTRACT

Phytolacca tetramera Hauman "ombusillo", es una especie vegetal endémica del SE de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, que se halla en peligro crítico de extinción. Su principal factor de amenaza es la reducción del hábitat por acción antrópica. Esta especie presenta principios activos fungicidas y, posiblemente, dada su afinidad con otras especies del mismo género, presente compuestos antivirales, antitumorales, bactericidas e insecticidas. Se realizaron ensayos de macropropagación con distintas concentraciones de reguladores de crecimiento de tipo auxínicos que muestran claramente un enraizamiento óptimo correspondiente a segmentos de ejes aéreos vegetales “estacas” sometidas a 300 ppm de ácido indol butírico y a segmentos de tallos subterráneos sin aplicación de hormonas. Así mismo, se realizaron ensayos de germinación, en condiciones de luz y de oscuridad, comprobándose que las semillas presentan fotoblastismo positivo con un porcentaje de germinación del 65%, el cual disminuye enormemente luego del año de cosecha.


Phytolacca tetramera Hauman "ombusillo" is an endemic plant species which is in critical danger of becoming extinct; it comes from the south-east of the province of Buenos Aires. The main factor threatening this species is the reduction of its natural environment by antropic action.This species has antifungal properties and, due to its relationship with other species from the same genus, it could also have antiviral, antitumour, antibacterial and insecticidal compounds. Macropropagation experiments were carried out using different concentrations of auxinic growth regulators. Segements of aerial axis “stakes” treated with 300 ppm of indol-butiric acid and segments of underground stems without hormonal treatment provided optimum rooting. Germination experiments in dark and light conditions were also carried out, finding that seeds showed positive photoblastisme with a 65% germination rate which declined considerably after the crop had been harvested.


Subject(s)
Plants/enzymology , Plants/immunology , Plants/microbiology , Plants/parasitology , Plants/chemistry , Germination/physiology , Germination/genetics , Germination/immunology
17.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 53(2): 287-290, June 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-521140

ABSTRACT

An account of host plant selection, larval development and behaviour, and behaviour of adult Phoebemima ensifera. Illustrations of the host plant, plant parts, larva, pupa, and adult are provided.


Descreve-se a seleção da planta hospedeira, desenvolvimento e comportamento larval, e comportamento do adulto de Phoebemima ensifera. Ilustrações da planta-hospedeira, larva, pupa e adultos são fornecidas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Behavior, Animal , Biodiversity , Biology , Coleoptera/growth & development , Life Cycle Stages , Plants/parasitology , Larva , Pupa
18.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 25(3): 181-184, may-june 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-545378

ABSTRACT

Esse trabalho teve por objetivo testar o efeito da complexidade estrutural da planta hospedeira Styrax pohlii Fritsch (Styracaceae) na riqueza e abundância de insetos galhadores. No estudo 30 indivíduos da planta hospedeira foram amostrados em um fragmento de mata semidecídua no Campus da Universidade Federal de Goiás em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. De cada indivíduo foram medidos a altura, circunferência do caule ao nível do solo, diâmetro da copa e número de folhas por ramo. Para estimativa da riqueza e abundância de galhas foram coletados 10 ramos apicais de cada indivíduo. Segundo as análises realizadas, a altura da planta hospedeira, o diâmetro da copa e a circunferência do caule não influenciaram no número de folhas com galhas, galhas por folha, galhas por indivíduo e riqueza de morfotipos. O número de folhas por ramo, por outro lado, esteve positivamente e significativamente relacionado com a riqueza e abundância de galhas por indivíduo em S. pohlli. Como estratégia de reprodução, muitos insetos galhadores realizam a oviposição em plantas com grande abundância de folhas, uma vez que, oferecem uma maior disponibilidade de sítios de oviposição.


This work was aimed to test whether the structural complexity of the host plant Styrax pohlii Fritsch (Styracaceae) in the diversity of insects gall makers. In the study, 30 individuals of the host plant were sampled in a fragment of semideciduous forest Campus of the Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. From each individual, height, circumference of the stem at ground level, crown diameter and number of leaves per branch were measured, In addition, 10 branches apical for each individual were collected to estimate the richness and abundance of galls. According to our analyses, canopy diametes and trunk circumference of the host plant did not effect the number of leaf with galls, galls per leaf, galls for individual and richness of morphotypes. The number of leaf per stem, on the other hand, was the parameter positively and significantly correlated to the richness and abundance of galls in S. pohlii. As a strategy of reproduction, many gall-inducing insects perform the oviposition in plants with great abundance of leaves, since they offer a greater availability of sites for oviposition.


Subject(s)
Insecta , Plant Leaves , Plants/parasitology , Styracaceae
19.
Neotrop. entomol ; 38(3): 321-326, May-June 2009. graf, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519349

ABSTRACT

Foram coletados 3.008 braconídeos em larvas/pupas de moscas-das-frutas em 26 espécies de frutos, distribuídos em 33 municípios paulistas. A maioria dos braconídeos pertencia a Opiinae (96,2 por cento), representada por quatro espécies - Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), Doryctobracon brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus (Gahan) e Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) - e os demais a Alysiinae (3,8 por cento), representada apenas por Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck). Doryctobracon areolatus foi atraída por mais frutos hospedeiros de moscas-das-frutas (26) e ocorreu na maioria dos municípios amostrados, totalizando 77,5 por cento dos parasitóides coletados. Doryctobracon areolatus foi associada com Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. amita Zucchi e, pela primeira vez, em frutos de wampi (Clausena lansium) e em canela-batalha (Cryptocarya aschersoniana). Doryctobracon brasiliensis foi associada apenas com A. fraterculus e registrada, pela primeira vez, em larvas em ameixa-japonesa (Prunus salicina). Não foi possível associar as demais espécies de parasitóides às espécies de moscas-das-frutas. Opius bellus foi obtida de larvas em canela-batalha. A percentagem de parasitismo natural variou de <1 por cento a 40 por cento.


A total of 3,008 braconid parasitoids in 26 species of fruit fly host plants were collected in 33 localities of São Paulo State. The majority of the braconids (96.2 percent) belonged to four Opiinae species, Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), Doryctobracon brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus (Gahan) and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), and the remaining 3.8 percent, a single species of Alysiinae, Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck). Doryctobracon areolatus was collected on Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied), A. obliqua (Macquart) and A. amita Zucchi, and was found associated with the largest number of fruit fly host plant species (26), being recorded for the first time in fruits of Clausena lansium and Cryptocarya aschersoniana. This species was the most common, occurring in most of the sampled localities, totaling 77.5 percent of all parasitoids collected. Doryctobracon brasiliensis was associated only with A. fraterculus and recorded, for the first time, in Japanese plum (Prunus salicina). It was not possible to associate the remaining braconids to the fruit fly species. Opius bellus was also reared from larvae in C. aschersoniana. The natural parasitism percentage ranged from < 1 percent to 40 percent.


Subject(s)
Animals , Hymenoptera/physiology , Plants/parasitology , Tephritidae/parasitology , Brazil
20.
Neotrop. entomol ; 37(1): 74-80, Jan.-Feb. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-479361

ABSTRACT

La calidad de las plantas ornamentales se relaciona estrechamente con su estado fitosanitario, que se ve afectado por la actividad de los insectos. Entre los principales insectos plagas se destacan los pulgones o áfidos. La fauna asociada con los áfidos que colonizan plantas ornamentales, incluye hormigas melívoras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) que establecen relaciones de mutualismo; además, los microhimenópteros parasitoides de áfidos (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) contribuyen al control de estos insectos plaga. Se conoce muy poco sobre estos grupos de insectos en plantas ornamentales de Córdoba, Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer los áfidos que colonizan plantas ornamentales, como así también las hormigas melívoras y parasitoides asociados. Para ello, brotes, hojas y/o flores de las plantas ornamentales colonizadas por áfidos fueron colectadas semanalmente en el Jardín Botánico Municipal de la ciudad de Córdoba, desde Octubre 2003 a Noviembre 2004. También se colectaron las hormigas melívoras asociadas y las "momias" de áfidos parasitados. Se registraron 132 asociaciones áfido-planta ornamental, de las cuales el 64,4 por ciento no se conocían en el país. Los áfidos fueron atendidos por hormigas melívoras en el 33,3 por ciento de las asociaciones, mientras que en el 16,7 por ciento se registró la presencia de parasitoides. Las especies involucradas incluyen 95 de plantas ornamentales colonizadas por 41 de áfidos, mientras que seis de hormigas melívoras atendieron a 10 de áfidos. Los parasitoides estuvieron representados por cuatro especies que estuvieron relacionadas con 11 de áfidos.


The quality of the ornamental plants is closely related to their phytosanitary state, that, in turn, is affected by the activity of some insect groups. Aphids are common pests of nearly all kinds of plants, ornamental plants among them. The fauna associated with aphids that colonize ornamental plants includes honey ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) that establish mutualistic relations, and some parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) that contribute to the control of the aphid population. Very little is known about the aphids and their associated fauna living on ornamental plants of Cordoba, Argentina. The goal of this work was to identify the aphids that colonize ornamental plants, as well as their associated honey ants and parasitoids. Samples of sprouts, leaves and/or flowers of aphid-colonized ornamental plants of the Jardín Botánico Municipal of Cordoba city were collected weekly, from October 2003 to November 2004. Whenever found, the associated honey ants and "mummies" of aphids atacked by parasitoids were also collected. One hundred and thirty two aphid-plant associations were registered, 64.4 percent of which were unknown in the country. In 33.3 percent of these associations, the aphids were tended by honey ants whereas the presence of aphid parasitoids was registered in 16.7 percent. Ninety five species of ornamental plants were colonized by 41 aphid species, whereas six ant species tended 10 aphid species. Aphid parasitoids were represented by four species related to 11 aphid species.


Subject(s)
Animals , Aphids , Plants/parasitology , Argentina
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